When Drivers Step Off the Bus: Well-Being and Turnover Intention in the Public Transport Sector

Voluntary turnover represents a critical challenge in essential public services, where workforce attrition affects both employee well-being and service quality. The primary objective of this study was to identify the psychosocial predictors of well-being profiles and turnover intention among public transport workers, using the Job Demands-Resources model as a theoretical framework. A cross-sectional study design was employed, with 131 employees of an Italian public transport company completing a questionnaire assessing turnover intention and key psychosocial factors (job satisfaction, perceived work-related stress, work engagement, meaning of work, and perceived workplace safety). The analytical strategy integrated Latent Profile Analysis (LPA), logistic regression, and path analysis. LPA identified two distinct well-being profiles: a "low well-being profile," with high perceived stress and low engagement and meaning of work; and a "high well-being profile," with low stress and high engagement and work meaning. Logistic regression analyses showed that satisfaction with pay and the intrinsic nature of work tasks predicted membership in the high well-being profile. Path analysis indicated that profile membership significantly predicted turnover intention, with employees in the high well-being profile reporting lower turnover intention. Additionally, satisfaction with supervision, perceived workplace safety, and age showed direct effects on turnover intention. These findings highlight the organizational and psychological resources that can increase employee well-being and retention in the public transport sector, offering insights for preventive interventions and for promoting safer and more sustainable public transport systems.