Genotoxic exposures to volatile organic compounds in golden retrievers with and without multicentric lymphoma

= 0.028), but urinary VOC concentrations did not differ between cotinine-positive and -negative dogs. Bioactivated benzene was genotoxic to canine PBMCs at ≥ 10 uM and xylene was genotoxic at ≥ 0.5 uM. Estimated blood benzene and xylene concentrations reached genotoxic exposures in most dogs. These results support a recommendation to reduce VOC exposures in pet dogs, for example by using activated carbon indoor air filtration units rated for VOC removal.