Implementing A Civic Skills-Focused Problem Posing Model to Enhance Problem-Solving Competencies in Elementary School Students: A Systematic Literature Review

This systematic literature review examines the application of a civic skills-oriented problem posing model to improve elementary school students' problem-solving abilities. The review identified, evaluated, and interpreted empirical studies from 2018 to 2022, with initial searches yielding around 250 articles from ERIC, Google Scholar, and Sinta, and 20 articles finally selected. The findings indicate that the problem posing model improves students' critical thinking and creativity and is more effective than conventional teaching methods. Integrating civic skills in Civics learning also increases students' active participation and fosters tolerance, cooperation, and responsibility. Overall, the model can significantly strengthen students' ability to analyze problems critically, while promoting openness, tolerance, and accountability.