A Mouse-Adapted CHIKV Strain Harboring E2-K200R and Non-Structural Mutations Exhibits Enhanced Pathogenicity in Multiple Rodent Models

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) pathogenesis research has long been constrained by the lack of suitable immunocompetent rodent models. Through serial passaging in A129 and C57BL/6 mice, we obtained an adapted strain (CHIKV-Adapt) harboring an E2-K200R substitution along with non-structural protein mutations. Phenotypic analysis in C57BL/6 mice, BALB/c mice, and hamster models demonstrated that compared to the wild-type virus CHIKV-Adapt induced significantly higher and more prolonged viremia, broader tissue tropism, and more severe internal joint inflammation, without exacerbating external swelling. Notably, the K200R mutation did not alter the viral replication kinetics in vitro and was predicted not to affect its binding pattern to the MXRA8 receptor. Furthermore, mice challenged 160 days after primary infection exhibited nearly complete protective immunity. These findings indicate that E2-K200R is a critical adaptive mutation that, together with accompanying non-structural mutations, significantly enhances CHIKV replication capacity and pathogenicity in immunocompetent rodents without changing its in vitro replication ability or predicted receptor-binding mode. The acquisition of this adapted strain provides a new tool for CHIKV pathogenesis research and vaccine evaluation.