Integrated housing reconstruction model post-earthquake and tsunamis: Emphasising sustainable construction and local wisdom towards disaster-resilient cities

< 0.05), confirming the partial mediation mechanism. The results show that reconstruction achieves optimal resilience when sustainability principles are integrated. Conversely, the moderating role of LW was not statistically significant, indicating that LW functions more symbolically than structurally within current reconstruction governance. Contribution: Theoretically, this study differentiates the structural contribution of SC, evident statistically, from the symbolic contribution of LW, thereby refining existing resilience theory for post-disaster contexts. Practically, the findings underscore the need to redesign institutional mechanisms so that sustainability and LW are not only acknowledged but also formally embedded into reconstruction planning.