The role of urban fabric in climate adaptation to achieve a resilient urban city: Sulaymaniyah city as a case study

The aim of this paper is to establish an empirically based, interdisciplinary framework that integrates vernacular urban morphology with climateresponsive technological interventions to enhance resilience, sustainability, and community engagement in developing urban centers, using Sulaymaniyah as a case study, using a mixedmethods approach, this study investigates Sulaymaniyahs urban fabric and climate resilience Climate, social, and urban features were evaluated by field surveys in Sabwnkaran and Mallkandy, an expert input on resilience tactics was acquired using questionnaires Traditional, contemporary, and integrated solutions were assessed, along with implementation challenges and adaption tactics, using descriptiveanalytical techniques with Excel and SPSS Both quantitative and qualitative analysis were assisted by visual and spatial technologies such as AutoCAD, SketchUp, Photoshop, photography, and satellite images Structured expert interviews supported conclusions and directed useful, situationspecific suggestions for resilient and sustainable urban development in Sulaymaniyah This was achieved through a detailed study of selected neighborhoods within the Sabwnkran and Mallkandi districts, analyzing their key urban characteristics in terms of building materials, building orientation, heighttostreet width ratio, ratio of open and built spaces, ratio of green spaces, winding and straight streets, and ratio of shade and trees This analysis provided a general understanding of the traditional strategies employed and evidence of how these strategies could be enhanced with technological additions