A compact 9-level single DC source switched capacitor inverter for renewable energy applications

• A novel switched capacitor multilevel inverter (SCMLI) topology is introduced, featuring a reduced number of power switches. This design enhances both technical performance and economic viability compared to traditional H-bridge inverters. • An analytical mathematical model is developed to optimize capacitor usage, effectively boosting the output voltage to the desired level. This approach ensures efficient resource management and improves the overall performance of the system. • The proposed inverter is validated using a simulation and experimental environment. • A comparative evaluation with advanced inverter topologies underscores the improved efficiency, superior voltage boosting capability, and robust operational performance of the proposed configuration. . This research introduces a novel Switched-Capacitor 9-Level Inverter (SC9LI) utilizing one DC source, three capacitors, two diodes, and eight switches - representing minimum component count for single-source topologies achieving double voltage gain without H-bridge. The integrated architecture produces nine voltage levels (±0.5Vdc, ±Vdc, ±1.5Vdc, ±2Vdc, 0) with twofold voltage boosting through strategically non-uniform stress distribution (25%, 50%, 100% categories) enabling component cost optimization. Inherent capacitor self-balancing operates unconditionally across all modulation indices through switching state symmetry, eliminating auxiliary balancing circuits. The topology employs Nearest Level Control modulation selected via multi-criteria optimization, achieving 96.7% peak efficiency through fundamental-frequency (50Hz) operation with lower switching losses compared to Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) alternatives. Experimental validation demonstrates voltage THD of 10.8% (13.3% experimental) complying with IEEE 519-2014 standards, with comprehensive dynamic characterization across modulation indices (0.5-1.0), load variations, and operating frequencies confirming robust performance. Detailed comparison with recent topologies positions the SC9LI on the Pareto frontier for switch count versus voltage gain, with no existing design simultaneously achieving this combination of features. Grid-connected operation analysis demonstrates LCL filter integration reducing current THD to 3.2% with full IEEE 1547 and IEC 61727 compliance. Application scope analysis identifies standalone and isolated PV systems as optimal deployment, with measured leakage current (2.2mA) well within international standards. The topology is validated through MATLAB/Simulink simulation and experimental prototype, confirming suitability for renewable energy applications. .