Relationships between periodontitis and inflammatory bowel disease: Screening and functional analysis of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related biomarkers

This study aimed to explore the relationship between periodontitis (PD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), focusing on changes in the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related genes and the screening of potential biomarkers. PD and IBD significantly affect global health, and current treatments have limitations. This study systematically screened core ERS-related genes through data mining of the Gene Expression Omnibus database, combined with differential expression gene analysis, functional enrichment analysis, and machine learning algorithms, and constructed a diagnostic model. We identified 208 differentially expressed genes shared between PD and IBD; of these, 19 were ERS-related upregulated genes, particularly XBP1 and FOS, which demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing PD and IBD. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these genes mainly participated in intracellular signal transduction, immune responses, and other biological pathways, suggesting that ERS plays a significant role in PD and IBD pathology. Immune infiltration analysis revealed significant differences in immune cell composition between PD and IBD, further supporting the key role of ERS in the regulation of immune responses. The identified core genes lay the foundation for improved understanding of the PD-IBD relationship and their pathological mechanisms, offering a broad prospect for future biomarker development and clinical applications.