Circadian disruption of brain temperature and heart rate in two periods after intracerebral hemorrhage surgery: a retrospective study

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains a severe subtype of stroke with limited tools to predict postoperative outcomes. This retrospective study investigated postoperative brain temperature (BrT) and heart rate (HR) rhythms in 74 surgically treated ICH patients and evaluated their associations with 1-year outcomes. BrT and HR data from two postoperative periods (1-60 h [A] and 61-120 h [B]) were analyzed using the Cosinor method to determine circadian rhythmicity. BrT and HR rhythms were observed in 60.8% and 36.4% of patients, respectively, and rhythm transitions occurred in 35.1% and 43.2%. Multivariable analysis identified age, initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, BrT rhythm in period B, and HR mesor in period A as independent predictors of 1-year functional outcome, whereas only initial GCS predicted mortality. Postoperative analysis of BrT and HR rhythms reveals dynamic alterations in physiological cycles after ICH and offers additional prognostic information beyond conventional clinical parameters.