BRICS+ and Alternative Global Sovereignty

The enlargement of BRICS+ including Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and newly affiliated partner states has sparked renewed debates over the global order. This study's central argument is that, in contrast with Western-dominated institutions, BRICS+ prioritises sovereignty, non-intervention, economic multipolarity, and alternative interpretations of human rights, thereby actively challenging international legal structures and reshaping the contours of an emerging "new global order." The paper uses legal theory, political philosophy, and case studies to show that BRICS+ signals a shift to pluralistic governance models, with important implications for enforcing human rights, organising global economic governance, and legitimising multilateral institutions.