UPLC-Q-TOF-MS-based elucidation of metabolic profile and gut-liver Axis distribution of Flos Puerariae-semen Hoveniae herb pair in Normal and ALD mice

The Flos Puerariae-Semen Hoveniae herbal pair, a classic combination in traditional Chinese medicine herbal pair, is widely used for the clinical management of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). However, its in vivo metabolic profile and distribution characteristics remain unclear. In this study, a rapid and efficient UPLC-Q-TOF-MS method was developed, and integrated with multiple data-mining strategies to systematically characterize the chemical components of this herbal pair and its metabolic distribution in normal and ALD model mice. A total of 53 components were identified from this herb pair, including 33 flavonoids, 13 triterpenoid saponins, and 7 organic acids. In vivo, 42 prototypes and 160 metabolites were detected, with the ileum exhibiting the most abundant distribution. Notably, compared to normal mice, serum from ALD mice displayed distinct gut-derived metabolic markers, and an altered temporal profile of circulating component. Further studies suggested that ALD may perturb the in vivo disposition of the herbal pair constituents by aggravating hepatic oxidative stress and disrupting "gut-liver axis" homeostasis. This study analyzed the metabolic characteristics of Flos Puerariae-Semen Hoveniae under normal and pathological conditions, providing a basis for further clarifying its pharmacodynamic foundation and mode of action.