Numerical Framework for the Mechanistic Design of Asphalt Pavements with Integrated Heat Generation Using MCF Grids

Abstract This study presents a mechanistic framework for evaluating the service life of asphalt pavements with integrated heating using mineral-impregnated carbon fiber (MCF) grids. The proposed methodology combines a thermal model based on the finite difference method with a mechanical wave propagation model. The thermal model captures the effects of MCF-induced heating on in-pavement temperature distributions. Meanwhile, the mechanical model incorporates the viscoelastic response of the asphalt layer where the grid is embedded, the dynamics of the moving traffic load, and the localized reinforcement provided by the grid. A case study compares the performance of a conventional reference pavement to that of a pavement reinforced with an MCF grid. Two scenarios are analyzed: a fully bonded configuration, representing standard design conditions, and a debonded interface condition, simulating an off-design scenario. The results indicate that the grid significantly improves fatigue performance when it is positioned within the critical tensile strain zone, substantially extending the pavement’s service life. In contrast, when the grid is located far from this critical zone, its structural contribution becomes negligible. Additionally, the heating capability of the MCF grid proves effective in eliminating surface freezing temperatures. These findings serve as a proof-of-concept for the dual functionality of MCF grids, demonstrating their potential to enhance both pavement durability and winter performance.