INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRAINTS ON THE SCALING OF THE ARTIFFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INDUSTRY IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

The article examines the infrastructural constraints that hinder the scaling of the artificial intelligence industry amid unprecedented growth in capital expenditures by technology giants. The author analyzes the gap between the sector’s financial expansion and the physical capacity of the material base—from semiconductor manufacturing to energy availability. Based on the financial reports of Microsoft, Alphabet, Amazon, and Meta, a shift in the competitive paradigm is identified: the transition from simply increasing investment to a strategy of “total reservation” of scarce capacities. Particular attention is paid to the role of NVIDIA and TSMC in shaping supply chain bottlenecks. It is concluded that control over physical infrastructure, rather than algorithm development alone, becomes the key factor for sustainability in the industry.