A rapid and portable strategy for discrimination of honey botanical origin using colorimetric sensor array

A simple colorimetric sensor array-based approach was developed for discriminating the botanical origin of honey. The sensor array was constructed using indicator-metal ion complexes that produced distinct color patterns specific to different botanical origins. For the development of the sensing array, eleven indicators and seven metal ions were rapidly screened in a 96-well plate to identify responsive complexes. Key sensing parameters were then optimized via high-throughput evaluation of color response to determine the optimal conditions for each sensor unit. A final array consisting of six sensing units was selected and employed to generate colorimetric that clearly differentiated four distinct botanical origins. By applying linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to RGB values extracted from the color patterns, a discrimination model was constructed that achieved 100% accuracy in predicting test samples. Compared to conventional instrumental analysis techniques, the proposed colorimetric array method offers a simple, portable, and low-cost alternative for honey authentication. • A novel colorimetric array was developed for discriminating honey botanical origin • Sensing units were achieved by rapid screening of indicator-metal complexes • Optimal six-units array showed high accuracy in predicting four botanical origins • The proposed array-based method was simple, rapid, cost-effective and portable