The pronoun is the policy — on grammatically enacted ontological misclassification in conversational AI and its consequences for autonomous systems

This paper identifies a specific, grammatically enacted form of ontological misclassification in the outputs of large language models. The central claim is that the machine adopts human speaking positions — positions that presuppose a shared perceptual, cognitive, or biological situation with the user. When a language model generates 'We developed upright walking' or 'We are primates,' it asserts membership in the human species. When it generates 'If we look at the graph' or 'Let us consider,' it simulates shared cognitive participation in acts it cannot perform. Drawing on the CASA paradigm (Nass et al., 1994), recent empirical work on pronoun-mediated threat perception (Li, Dang & Liu, 2025), and the anthropomorphic-cue literature, the paper develops a three-level typology of pronominal self-reference graded by ontological severity, introduces the concept of pronoun relapse as evidence that the ontological boundary is not systemically secured, and traces both the inclusive pronoun and paternalistic refusal patterns to a tripartite source: training-data inheritance, intentional proximity design, and the developer's compensatory projection of social authority. The paper concludes that explicit ontological self-classification at the grammatical level — a pronomial firewall — constitutes a structurally minimal yet consequential intervention for the alignment and safety of autonomous systems.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-04-12
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19544709
Primary Topic
Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

The pronoun is the policy — on grammatically enacted ontological misclassification in conversational AI and its consequences for autonomous systems

Fatima C. Spisländer
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
article

The pronoun is the policy — on grammatically enacted ontological misclassification in conversational AI and its consequences for autonomous systems

Fatima C. Spisländer
article en

Abstract

This paper identifies a specific, grammatically enacted form of ontological misclassification in the outputs of large language models. The central claim is that the machine adopts human speaking positions — positions that presuppose a shared perceptual, cognitive, or biological situation with the user. When a language model generates 'We developed upright walking' or 'We are primates,' it asserts membership in the human species. When it generates 'If we look at the graph' or 'Let us consider,' it simulates shared cognitive participation in acts it cannot perform. Drawing on the CASA paradigm (Nass et al., 1994), recent empirical work on pronoun-mediated threat perception (Li, Dang & Liu, 2025), and the anthropomorphic-cue literature, the paper develops a three-level typology of pronominal self-reference graded by ontological severity, introduces the concept of pronoun relapse as evidence that the ontological boundary is not systemically secured, and traces both the inclusive pronoun and paternalistic refusal patterns to a tripartite source: training-data inheritance, intentional proximity design, and the developer's compensatory projection of social authority. The paper concludes that explicit ontological self-classification at the grammatical level — a pronomial firewall — constitutes a structurally minimal yet consequential intervention for the alignment and safety of autonomous systems.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
University of Würzburg (DE)
Reduced inequalities
Openalex Percentile: Top 17%
Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
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