Risk Factors of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women with Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

Background & Objective: Various factors have been identified as being associated to stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse, including childbirth, obesity, education level, age, history of hysterectomy, and menopausal status. This study was conducted with aims to identify the risk factors for Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI) in women with Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP).Materials & Methods: This retrospective case-control study was conducted on 110 women (55 cases with POP and SUI; 55 controls with POP only) at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital from 2020 to 2024. Data on demographic, obstetric, and clinical variables were collected from medical records. Bivariate analysis was used, followed by multivariate logistic regression to determine independent risk factors.Results: The multivariate logistic regression model identified four independent risk factors. Menopause increased the odds of SUI by nearly four times (OR=3.905; 95% CI: 1.301-11.717; P=0.015). Elevated BMI conferred a threefold increased risk (OR=3.001; 95% CI: 1.591-5.659; P=0.001). A history of hysterectomy was associated with a tenfold increase in risk (OR=10.069; 95% CI: 1.952-51.943; P=0.006). The strongest predictor was a family history of urinary incontinence, which increased the odds nearly twelvefold (OR=11.750; 95% CI: 1.797-76.846; P=0.010).Conclusion: Menopause, elevated BMI, a history of hysterectomy, and a family history of urinary incontinence are significant independent risk factors for SUI in women with POP. These findings highlight the importance of considering a combination of hormonal, metabolic, surgical, and genetic factors in the clinical assessment and management of POP patients.