Initial attachment, viability, proliferation, and migration of osteoblastlike SaOS-2 cells on two resorbable xenogeneic membranes for guided tissue regeneration: <i>in vitro</i> experimental study

Objectives: This study evaluated the biocompatibility of a new xenogeneic resorbable membrane derived from porcine esophagus membrane (Quirumatrix, Cells Tech Co.) and compared it with a porcine pericardium membrane (Straumann Jason, Straumann Holding AG.) traditionally used for guided tissue regeneration. The parameters investigated were the viability, migration, and adhesion of SaOS-2 osteoblast-like cells derived from osteosarcoma on both membranes. Methods: The cells were cultured in 100 mm plates in RPMI 1640 medium (40 mL), supplemented. They were incubated at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere with 95% air and 5% to 10% CO2. Cell morphology and adhesion were evaluated using phase contrast optical microscopy and scanning electron microscope. Cell viability and proliferation were evaluated using a fluorometric resazurin reduction assay, with fluorescence intensity measured at 48, 72, and 96 hours. Cell migration was evaluated using staining with Alexa Fluor 555 Phalloidin (Cell Signaling Technology) and DAPI, with a reference line. Cell migration was analyzed by measuring displacement within the delineated area using an Axio Imager M2 fluorescence microscope (Carl Zeiss). Each membrane was photographed. The statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism ver. 10.2.3 (GraphPad Software). A p-value <0.05 was considered significant between experimental groups. Results: Both membranes were shown to be biocompatible. The porcine pericardium membrane showed greater cell adhesion and proliferation compared to the porcine esophagus membrane. Cell migration was significantly greater in the Jason membrane. Conclusions: The results revealed that both evaluated membranes are biocompatible and non-cytotoxic; further research is needed to understand their long-term behavior, interactions with other types of cells, and performance in specific therapeutic situations.