Immune cytokine imbalance and hematological disturbances in systemic lupus erythematosus patients

Lupus nephritis is a severe condition that develops due to immune complex deposition on renal tissues, contributing to disease progression and long-term complications. This study assessed 40 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and 40 healthy controls. Serum interleukin-39 (IL-39) levels were measured, hematological parameters analyzed, and genetic sequencing performed. IL-39 was significantly elevated in SLE patients compared to controls (p<0.0011), correlating strongly with disease activity. Hemoglobin levels were reduced (p<0.01), while erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was markedly increased (p<0.001). These findings highlight IL-39 as a potential biomarker for disease severity and progression in SLE, linking cytokine imbalance with hematological disturbances. In conclusion, IL-39 may serve as a valuable indicator for monitoring SLE activity and guiding treatment strategies.