PHARMACOTHERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF SECONDARY SYPHILIS IN PREGNANCY: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Secondary syphilis is a systemic stage of infection caused by the spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum and remains a significant global public health concern, particularly among pregnant women. If left untreated, maternal syphilis may lead to severe complications including miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm delivery, and congenital infection in newborns. The diverse clinical manifestations of secondary syphilis often mimic other dermatological conditions, which may delay accurate diagnosis and treatment. Early detection through appropriate serological testing such as the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test and the Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay is essential for effective disease management. Pharmacological treatment plays a crucial role in preventing disease progression and vertical transmission. Long-acting Benzathine Penicillin G remains the first-line therapy due to its high efficacy, safety profile during pregnancy, and ability to eliminate the causative organism effectively. This review summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and pharmacotherapeutic management of secondary syphilis in pregnancy. Special emphasis is placed on antibiotic therapy, therapeutic monitoring, and the role of healthcare professionals in optimizing patient outcomes. The findings highlight that early screening, prompt antimicrobial therapy, and appropriate follow-up significantly reduce maternal complications and prevent congenital transmission. Strengthening prenatal screening programs and improving awareness regarding sexually transmitted infections are essential strategies for reducing the global burden of maternal syphilis.