Latent profile analysis of health-related quality of life among older adults with age-related thoracic hyperkyphosis

To explore the potential classes of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among older adults with age-related thoracic hyperkyphosis (ARTH) and examine the factors associated with each profile. From April to October 2025, 350 older adults with ARTH were recruited via convenience sampling from a community health center in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province. Each completed questionnaires on Scoliosis Research Society-22, Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale, Social Support Rating Scale, and Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire. Latent profile analysis was conducted to categorize HRQOL patterns, and multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze intergroup differences and identify associated factors for the different profiles. Three latent HRQOL profiles were identified, with self-image serving as the core dimension that distinguished among the classes: a low HRQOL with poor function group (25.7%), a moderate HRQOL group (45.7%), and a high HRQOL group (28.6%). Significant differences were observed across these profiles in terms of age, occiput-wall distance, physical activity level, depressive symptoms, self-esteem, social support, and illness perception. The multinomial logistic regression analysis identified age, depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and illness perception as independent factors associated with membership in the HRQOL profile. The results demonstrate considerable heterogeneity in HRQOL among older adults with ARTH. Healthcare providers should pay close attention to self-image concerns in this target population, as well as in patients with low HRQOL and poor functional profiles, and design targeted intervention strategies based on the distinct characteristics of each subgroup to enhance their quality of life effectively.