The pseudo-complex FLRW model and the time evolution of the Hubble parameter

Abstract The pseudo-complex version of the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker model (pcFLRW) is presented within the framework of pseudo-complex General Relativity (pcGR). In this approach, dark energy emerges as a geometric consequence of the pseudo-complex structure, leading to a specific functional form for the Hubble parameter H ( z ) characterized by a single geometric parameter $$\beta $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>β</mml:mi> </mml:math> . This parameter governs the effective dark-energy equation of state via $$p_\Lambda = -\beta \varepsilon _\Lambda $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>β</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and is directly linked to the present-day time derivative of the Hubble parameter through $$\dot{H}_0 = \frac{3}{2}(\beta -1)H_0^2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mfrac> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>β</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Using recent DESI BAO data, we constrain $$\beta = 1.0426 \pm 0.0144$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>β</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.0426</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.0144</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , which yields a positive $$\dot{H}_0 \simeq (0.94 \pm 0.32)\times 10^{-17}\,\mathrm {(km/s^2)/Mpc}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>≃</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.94</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.32</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>17</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>km</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Mpc</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . This contrasts with the $$\Lambda $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> </mml:math> CDM prediction, where $$\dot{H}_0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> is negative ( $$\dot{H}_0 \approx -0.45 H_0^2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>≈</mml:mo> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.45</mml:mn> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for standard parameters), indicating that in pcGR the expansion rate is increasing with time while in $$\Lambda $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> </mml:math> CDM it decreases. The best-fit value also implies a deceleration parameter $$q = -0.9361 \pm 0.0216$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo>

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
The European Physical Journal C
Published
2026-04-11
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-15613-3
Primary Topic
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

Funders

Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

The pseudo-complex FLRW model and the time evolution of the Hubble parameter

César A. Zen Vasconcellos, Leila Maghlaoui, Fridolin Weber, Peter Otto Hess Bechstedt
The European Physical Journal C
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
article

The pseudo-complex FLRW model and the time evolution of the Hubble parameter

César A. Zen Vasconcellos, Leila Maghlaoui, Fridolin Weber, Peter Otto Hess Bechstedt
article en

Abstract

Abstract The pseudo-complex version of the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker model (pcFLRW) is presented within the framework of pseudo-complex General Relativity (pcGR). In this approach, dark energy emerges as a geometric consequence of the pseudo-complex structure, leading to a specific functional form for the Hubble parameter H ( z ) characterized by a single geometric parameter $$\beta $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>β</mml:mi> </mml:math> . This parameter governs the effective dark-energy equation of state via $$p_\Lambda = -\beta \varepsilon _\Lambda $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>β</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and is directly linked to the present-day time derivative of the Hubble parameter through $$\dot{H}_0 = \frac{3}{2}(\beta -1)H_0^2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mfrac> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>β</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Using recent DESI BAO data, we constrain $$\beta = 1.0426 \pm 0.0144$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>β</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.0426</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.0144</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , which yields a positive $$\dot{H}_0 \simeq (0.94 \pm 0.32)\times 10^{-17}\,\mathrm {(km/s^2)/Mpc}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>≃</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.94</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.32</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>17</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>km</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Mpc</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . This contrasts with the $$\Lambda $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> </mml:math> CDM prediction, where $$\dot{H}_0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> is negative ( $$\dot{H}_0 \approx -0.45 H_0^2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>≈</mml:mo> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.45</mml:mn> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for standard parameters), indicating that in pcGR the expansion rate is increasing with time while in $$\Lambda $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> </mml:math> CDM it decreases. The best-fit value also implies a deceleration parameter $$q = -0.9361 \pm 0.0216$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo>

The European Physical Journal CVol. 86(4)
Goethe University Frankfurt (DE), University Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 (DZ), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (BR), Goethe-Institute United Kingdom (GB), San Diego State University (US), Sanda University (CN), Universidad Autónoma Monterrey (CR), International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics (IT), International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics Network (AM)
Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Openalex Percentile: Top 22%
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.