Virulent phages MM-1 and MM-2 attack enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica strains

. Growth of E. coli O157:H7 strain EDL933 was inhibited effectively by both phages. The analysis of Shiga toxin 2a gene expression using different MOIs did not reveal significant upregulation after phage infection compared to the non-infected control, even in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of the SOS response-inducing antibiotic norfloxacin. This study highlights that vB_EcoS_MM-1 and vB_EcoS_MM-2 are promising and effective biocontrol agents against EHEC for further use in food safety applications and phage therapy.