Current research status of flexible functional components for soft robot

Purpose The core foundation of soft robots is comprising of flexible valves, pumps, sensors and actuators, which collectively determine the drive mechanisms, energy transfer efficiency, environmental perception capabilities and system reliability of soft robots. Recent progress in soft robotics research has yielded novel discoveries pertaining to pivotal functional components, including flexible valves, pumps, sensors and actuators. Nevertheless, systematic reviews that comprehensively summarize this field remain relatively scarce. In light of the aforementioned context, this paper synthesizes and compares the working principles, performance metrics and technological approaches of these four flexible functional components, based on relevant research outcomes. The purpose of this study is to provide a reference for future studies. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the components of soft robots are divided into four categories: flexible control function components, flexible driving function components, flexible execution function components and flexible sensing function components. For these four categories of functional components, the authors elaborate on their further classification and operating principles, while summarizing, comparing and analyzing representative research achievements from recent years. Findings Through a summary and analysis of current relevant research, this study points that integrated design, self-perception-adaptive flexible systems and self-supply technology are poised to emerge as the next pivotal research frontiers for soft robots. Originality/value This paper systematically categorizes flexible functional components for soft robots and summarizes, analyzes and compares relevant research findings. The study aims to provide valuable reference for researchers in related fields.