Heat and mass transfer enhancement in Darcy–Forchheimer flow of ternary hybrid nanofluid: An application of Cattaneo–Christove model

In this work a rotating trihybrid nanofluid motion is observed within two plates positioned parallel at varying altitude. The lower plate is movable, and the upper plate is fixed. The trihybrid nanofluid is composed of copper, Titanium dioxide with aluminum oxide nanoparticles with water (base fluid). The fluid is moving in Darcy–Forchheimer medium under the effect of an external magnetic field. The Cattaneo–Christove mass and heat flux model is applied to investigate mass and heat transmissions rates. The Cattaneo–Christove model is the extension of classical Fourier and Fick laws. The effects of quadratic thermal radiation are also discussed in the modeling. The PDEs are converted to ODEs and numerically solved by the shooting (ND solve) method. The results have been sketched graphically and in tabular form for better understanding and analysis. The results reveal that the primary and secondary velocity distributions decrease by enhancing Forchheimer number. It has been noted that the temperature profile increases for heat relaxation parameter and temperature ratio parameter. By improving the values of mass relaxation parameter, concentration profile decreases. By enhancing the values of Reynolds number the Nusselt number decreases. By enhancing the values of Schmidt number and chemical reaction parameter the Sherwood number declines. The findings show that when the magnetic parameter is increased from 0.1 to 0.3, the Lorentz force rises noticeably and the skin friction number grows by about 25%.