Targeting VDAC1 to protect against mitochondria-linked cell death pathways: apoptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and associated diseases

⁺ levels, preserved mitochondrial-associated hexokinase, and inhibited assembly/activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In Alzheimer's disease and inflammatory bowel disease mouse models, VBIT-4 and VBIT-12, respectively, protected against apoptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and disease-associated pathologies. Thus, we show that VDAC1 oligomerization represents a prime target for VBIT-4 and VBIT-12 that can simultaneously inhibit various PCD forms and diseases associated with enhanced PCD and/or inflammation.