Growth comparison and financial analysis of clonal teak plantation established by the shoot cutting and coppices in Perhutani Forest Management Unit Ngawi, East Java, Indonesia

The demand for teak wood (Tectona grandis) as a wood construction and furniture material continues to increase, while available teak wood supplies remain limited and insufficient to meet market needs. One strategy to address this challenge is the development of clonal teak plantations using shoot cuttings and coppice teak. Both planting systems have the potential to enhance teak plantation productivity, although differences in growth performance, wood quality, and financial returns may occur. This study aimed to observe and compare growth characteristics, wood properties, and financial feasibility of clonal teak plantations established using shoot cuttings and coppice teak in two compartments in Perhutani Forest Management Unit (FMU) Ngawi, East Java, Indonesia. The research was conducted in Compartments 61 A and 59B, Sidolaju Forest Resort (RPH), Kedunggalar Forest Management Sub-unit (BKPH), Ngawi Forest Management Unit (KPH), Perhutani East Java Regional Division, Indonesia. Growth parameters measured included diameter at breast height (D), total tree height (H), tree bole height (TBH), crown width (CW), and stand volume (Volume). Wood quality was assessed using nondestructive methods, namely pilodyn penetration (P) and stress wave velocity (SWV). Furthermore, the financial performance of the clonal teak plantations included positive net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and benefit–cost ratio (BCR) for shoot cutting and coppice teak plantations. The results indicated that the planting system significantly affected H, CW, P, and SWV, but it had no significant influence on D, TBH, and stand volume. At 11 years after planting, the total standing volume of clonal teak plantations established using shoot cuttings and coppice reached 175.5 ± 4.1 m³/ha, and 157.9 ± 7.1 m³/ha, respectively. Financial analysis showed positive NPV, IRR, and BCR for both systems, with no significant differences between them. These findings suggest that both shoot cutting and coppice are suitable for large-scale clonal teak plantations, as they produce comparable wood volume and quality while offering strong economic prospects.