The Perspective on Steel After Earthquakes: The Case of Kahramanmaraş

This study aims to comparatively evaluate the seismic performance of steel and reinforced concrete (RC) structural systems. Based on the data of existing 4-story and 12-story RC buildings located in the Taşburun neighborhood of Elbistan district in Kahramanmaraş province, the same buildings were re-modeled using both RC and steel structural systems. Performance analyses were conducted using linear and nonlinear analysis methods in accordance with the Turkish Building Earthquake Code (TBDY-2018) and the Design, Calculation and Construction Principles for Steel Structures. The analysis results indicate that steel structures exhibit lower relative story drifts, fewer plastic hinge formations, lower structural weight, and higher energy dissipation capacity compared to RC structures. Particularly in high-rise buildings, steel systems were found to reach the “Immediate Occupancy” or “Limited Damage” performance level, while RC systems could only achieve “Collapse Prevention” under the same conditions and, in some cases, “Life Safety” levels after strengthening. This difference is attributed to the ductility, lightweight nature, and controlled energy absorption capacity of steel material. The findings of this study suggest that promoting steel structural systems in earthquake-prone countries like Turkey is a strategic necessity in terms of engineering design, public safety, and post-disaster recovery processes.