ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN THE HUMAN HEAD: COMPUTATIONAL MODELING ACROSS 1–3 GHZ FOR 5G APPLICATIONS

The deployment of fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks, particularly in the millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) band, has raised questions regarding human exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs). Unlike lower frequencies, mmWave signals penetrate only 1 2 mm into tissue, leading to predominantly superficial absorption. This study investigates electric field (E-field) distribution within the human head using computational electromagnetic modeling. A simplified spherical head model with