A unique case of compartment syndrome of the lower leg following hip arthroscopy: a case report

Compartment syndrome is a serious condition typically arising from trauma, fracture, or vascular injuries, but it can also occur following surgery. Recognized by symptoms such as severe pain, swelling, and neurological deficits, prompt diagnosis and intervention are crucial to prevent long-term complications. Here, we present a rare occurrence of compartment syndrome in the leg following hip arthroscopy. A healthy 25-year-old male underwent revision hip arthroscopy for CAM resection and acetabular labral reconstruction. Post-operatively, the patient had progressively worsening pain and swelling in the lower leg, accompanied by sensory disturbances and weakness. Despite the procedure's minimal invasiveness, vigilant assessment and prompt intervention became imperative as clinical signs pointed towards the development of compartment syndrome. This case emphasizes that a high index of suspicion is necessary following routine operations when patients develop atypical or escalating symptoms, and early compartment pressure measurement should be considered. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: V.