Prodrug-integrated multifunctional liposome encapsulation enhances probiotic-based bacteriotherapy for inflammatory bowel disease

chains further promote deep mucus penetration, facilitating enhanced colonization, prolonged intestinal retention, and reinforcement of epithelial barrier function. Additionally, idebenone (IDE), conjugated to the liposomal surface via a ROS-responsive linker, is selectively released in inflamed regions with elevated ROS levels, providing localized antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In multiple colitis models, this engineered probiotic platform demonstrated significant prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy with favorable safety profiles, highlighting its potential as an effective strategy for IBD therapy.