Indium‐Induced Carbonate Pathway Inhibition Promoting Electrocatalytic CO ₂ Dimerization to Oxalate

ABSTRACT The electrochemical conversion of CO 2 into oxalate/oxalic acid has both environmental and economic benefits, but low current density and insufficient selectivity are still practical challenges in the past decades. Herein, we develop an indium‐modified lead (In/Pb) plate electrode that simultaneously achieves high oxalate Faradaic efficiency (94.8%) and partial current density (40 mA cm −2 , which is doubled compared to the highest level reported in previous studies). Radical trapping experiments and ATR‐SEIRAS reveal that the incorporation of In could reduce CO 3 2− production and adsorption, thereby inhibiting the carbonate byproduct pathway. Moreover, the In/Pb plate surface also enhances the coverage of * CO 2 and facilitates the generation and enrichment of CO 2 ·− intermediates, thus promoting CO 2 dimerization to oxalate. These ensure that the reaction is directed toward the oxalate pathway.