Anti‐Proliferative Effects of Resveratrol on Gingival Fibroblasts Derived From Amlodipine‐Induced Gingival Overgrowth

AIM: This study aimed to investigate the anti-proliferative effects of resveratrol on gingival fibroblasts derived from amlodipine-induced gingival overgrowths and its impact on the levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), collagen type I (COL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), transglutaminase-2 (TGM-2), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), which play critical roles in collagen and extracellular matrix metabolism in gingival enlargement. METHODS: Primary gingival fibroblasts were isolated from patients with amlodipine-induced gingival overgrowth (GO group) and from healthy gingival tissues (H group). Each group was divided into untreated and resveratrol-treated subgroups. Cell proliferation and viability at 24 and 48 h were assessed by MTT assay. The levels of TGF-β1, CTGF, COL-1, IL-6, TGM-2, and SOD were quantified using ELISA. RESULTS: MTT values were significantly higher in the GO group than in the H group at both 24 and 48 h (p = 0.01). Resveratrol treatment significantly decreased proliferation in the GO group at both time points (p < 0.001). In the GO group, resveratrol reduced TGF-β1 (p = 0.0090), CTGF (p = 0.0090), TGM-2 (p = 0.0088), COL-1 (p = 0.0139), and IL-6 (p = 0.050) levels at 24 h and significantly increased SOD levels (p = 0.0143). CONCLUSION: Resveratrol suppressed cellular proliferation without exerting cytotoxic effects in amlodipine-induced GO, while downregulating fibrosis markers (TGF-β1, CTGF, COL-1, IL-6, and TGM-2) and restoring diminished SOD synthesis. TRIAL REGISTIRATION: This study did not involve a clinical trial and therefore registration was not required.