Synergistic Heavy Metal Adsorption and Oily Wastewater Degradation by Microorganism-Immobilized Biomass Composite Membranes

/SA-Gel CM) that is capable of both heavy-metal ion adsorption and oil-containing wastewater degradation. This membrane is composed of a composite of hydrophobic silica dioxide and sodium alginate. The membrane under scrutiny demonstrated an adsorption capacity of 92.5 (mg/g) for 100 (mg/L) lead ion solutions, exhibiting a removal efficiency of 98.2%. The membrane surface is coated with hydrophobic nanosilica, enabling efficient separation of floating and emulsified oils. This results in an 86.03% degradation rate for 5% (w/w) oily wastewater. This study proposes a novel material design strategy for treating heavy-metal ions and oily wastewater, offering broad application prospects in industrial wastewater treatment.