Taxonomy of IMT Interference on Aeronautical Systems

Abstract The rapid deployment of 5G and future 6G networks has raised concerns about interference with critical aeronautical systems, particularly radio altimeters and Wireless Avionics Intra‐Communications (WAIC). This paper offers a comprehensive taxonomy of the 5G/6G signal interference mechanisms, operational impacts, and mitigation strategies in frequency bands close to aeronautical systems. The proposed taxonomy is based on an extensive review of the literature, technical publications, and international aviation safety research. The research analyzes the principal causes of interference, which are out‐of‐band emissions, intermodulation effects, and signal saturation. The research also considers potential mitigation techniques, such as spectrum management techniques, hardware design improvements, and sophisticated signal‐processing algorithms. The findings provide input for aviation, telecommunication industries, and regulatory bodies to ensure coexistence among vital aeronautical systems and future mobile networks.