Neurolathyrism in Delanta, Ethiopia: prevalence, associated factors, and social impact: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Neurolathyrism is an upper motor neuron disorder affecting the corticospinal tracts and causing spastic paraparesis. Linked to consuming Lathyrus sativus, it remains a global public health challenge, particularly in parts of Ethiopia. This research explored the prevalence, associated factors, and social impact of neurolathyrism among patients in the Delanta district, Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence, associated factors, and social impact of neurolathyrism among patients in the Delanta district, Ethiopia. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2023 among 470 randomly selected individuals in two purposively selected kebeles of Delanta district, Amhara region. A multistage sampling technique was employed. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire after written informed consent was obtained from each participant. The collected data were cleaned and analyzed using Epi Info version 7.2 and SPSS version 26.0, respectively. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression models were used. Statistical significance was determined using P value < 0.05. Associations were measured by adjusted odds ratios (AORs). Factors with a P value of 0.2 or less in the bivariable analysis were selected for further multivariable analysis and entered a logistic regression model. RESULTS: Of 470 participants, 56 (11.9%) reported neurolathyrism. At the population level, prevalence in two purposively selected kebeles of the Delanta district was 6.6%. Significant individual-level variables were older age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06-9.34), male sex (AOR = 3.57; 95% CI = 1.79-7.10), and inability to read (AOR = 3.13; 95% CI = 1.22-7.99). Household-level variables included family size (AOR = 2.33; 95% CI = 1.16-4.69) and farmland lease (AOR = 2.73; 95% CI = 1.23-6.06). Among neurolathyrism patients, 73% discontinued school due to lack of support, and 21.4% were divorced after disease onset. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of neurolathyrism is notably high in the study population. Older age, male sex, educational status, family size, and farmland lease were significantly associated with neurolathyrism.