A review of risk factors and intervention measures for comorbidity of diabetes and mental disorders

Globally, the increasing prevalence of diabetes and mental disorders coexisting as comorbid conditions poses significant challenges for chronic disease management. The interaction mechanisms between these two conditions involve multiple pathways, including neuroendocrine dysregulation, chronic inflammation, and neurotransmitter abnormalities. This comorbidity severely impacts patients' health outcomes and increases clinical management complexity. Based on a narrative synthesis of relevant literature, this paper reviews the epidemiological evidence and explores the bidirectional mechanisms linking these conditions across biological, behavioral, and healthcare system levels. It further summarizes integrated management models and tiered intervention strategies. The aim is to provide a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for establishing a more effective prevention and treatment system for this psychosomatic comorbidity.