The relationship between allergic rhinitis and sleep disorders and mental health

Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is a highly prevalent IgE-mediated chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa worldwide. Its incidence is continuously increasing and has become one of the important chronic diseases affecting public health. Recent studies have gradually revealed that AR not only presents with local symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, and nasal itching, but is also closely related to a wide range of physical and mental health problems, especially mental and psychological disorders (such as anxiety and depression) and decreased sleep quality. There is a complex two-way or even circular interaction between these three factors. This article systematically reviews the epidemiological characteristics and pathophysiological mechanisms of AR, and focuses on exploring the association pathways and potential mechanisms between AR and mental health as well as sleep disorders, including neuroimmune regulation (such as inflammatory mediators, HPA axis function), psychological and behavioral factors, and social function impairment. Based on this, the article further summarizes the assessment tools and multimodal intervention strategies for mental and psychological problems and sleep disorders in AR patients, covering drug treatment, psychotherapy, sleep hygiene education, and comprehensive health management, etc. This article integrates current evidence and provides a theoretical framework for a comprehensive understanding of the multi-dimensional impact of AR, and offers references for comprehensive assessment and individualized intervention in clinical practice.