The Impact of Endocrine Diseases on the Development and Progression of Dental Diseases and on the Effectiveness of Removable and Non-Removable Prosthetics: A Review of Current Research

Preprint Notice: This manuscript is a preprint and has not undergone peer review. It is shared to support early dissemination of scientific findings and may contain updates in future versions. Background. Endocrine diseases - diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, and hormonal changes during menopause - alter saliva composition, hard tooth tissue status and oral mucosa, increasing the risk of caries and prosthetic complications. Purpose - to systematize and analyze recent literature on how endocrine disorders affect caries development and the effectiveness of removable and fixed prosthetic rehabilitation. Materials and Methods - narrative review of publications (2020–2025) from PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Wiley, Web of Science, PubMed Central, Google Scholar and ResearchGate; MeSH terms included “diabetes”, “thyroid”, “menopause”, “dental caries”, “denture stomatitis”, “implant”, “periimplantitis”. Results - diabetes and menopause most strongly affect the oral microenvironment (demineralization, xerostomia, fungal colonization, secondary caries). Thyroid dysfunctions modify bone metabolism, increasing risk of alveolar atrophy and implant/prosthesis complications. Prosthetic outcomes depend on glycemic control, bone mineral status and material biocompatibility. Conclusions - endocrine disorders are important modifying factors for caries and prosthetic complications; a multidisciplinary assessment and approach are necessary.