Soil management modulates vineyard airborne fungal communities and impacts fungal disease pressure

. However, seasonal climatic conditions explained a substantial proportion of the observed variability. Overall, soil tillage emerged as the dominant driver shaping the airborne fungal community composition, while compost mulching exerted disease-suppressive effects only under moderate climatic pressure. These findings suggest that soil management may modulate the soil-air microbial interface and disease pressure in a climate-dependent manner, rather than acting as a dominant standalone driver.