How blindness shapes personality: a neuro-ecological account

Introduction: The established link between personality and psychological well-being underscores the need to understand how major life changes, such as vision loss, reshape an individual's disposition. While previous research has produced inconsistent findings, the roles of concurrent environmental factors and underlying neural mechanisms have remained largely unexplored. Methods: This study employed an integrated neuro-ecological framework to investigate how blindness influences personality. We recruited 46 blind participants and 41 sighted controls, who completed comprehensive assessments including the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory, social and lifestyle questionnaires, and multimodal neuroimaging, including structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion MRI, and resting-state functional MRI. Results: Blind participants showed higher agreeableness, extraversion, and conscientiousness, while reduced neuroticism compared to sighted controls, and these personality trait differences were attenuated after accounting for trait anxiety. These differences were partially mediated by increased perceived social support from friends. Furthermore, mobile phone usage habits showed an interaction with blindness on personality traits. Neuroimaging identified both shared and vision-specific neural correlates of personality. For instance, blindness-related changes in white matter integrity of the anterior thalamic radiation and forceps minor mediated the reduction in neuroticism. Moderated mediation models further revealed that the strength of these neural pathways was regulated by environmental factors, such as social support and mobile phone self-control. Discussion: Collectively, these results indicate that personality patterns in blindness are a dynamic process involving the interplay of neural plasticity and environmental modulation, rather than a direct consequence of sensory loss alone.