HORMONAL AND METABOLIC FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF UTERINE FIBROIDS

Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) are the most common benign tumors of the female reproductive system, affecting up to 70–80% of women during their lifetime. Although their exact etiology remains unclear, increasing evidence highlights the critical role of hormonal and metabolic factors in their development and progression. Estrogen and progesterone are key drivers of fibroid growth, while metabolic disturbances such as obesity, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation further exacerbate the condition. This article aims to explore the interplay between hormonal and metabolic factors in the pathogenesis of uterine fibroids, based on current clinical and experimental data. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for improving prevention and treatment strategies.