Is Acrylamide a Hidden Threat to Muscle Health? Integrative Evidence From Epidemiological and Mechanistic Investigations

< 0.001). RCS further confirmed linear relationships. Mediation analyses indicated that biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress partially mediated these associations (mediated proportions: 5.93% to 31.39%). Bioinformatic analysis identified 346 shared genes enriched in apoptosis and inflammatory pathways. This study provides the first integrative epidemiologic and mechanistic evidence linking acrylamide exposure to reduced muscle mass. These findings highlight the potential role of inflammation and apoptosis, underscoring the importance of environmental risk factors in muscle health.