Design and Development of a Solar-Powered Autonomous Floor Cleaning Robot

The increasing demand for automation and sustainable energy solutions has encouraged the development of renewable energy-based robotic systems. This paper presents the design and implementation of a solar-powered autonomous floor cleaning robot that integrates photovoltaic energy harvesting with embedded control technology. The system utilizes a 10 W solar panel, lithium-ion battery pack (28.9 Wh), ESP8266-based NodeMCU controller, DC geared motors, relay modules, and a water pump mechanism for cleaning operation. The stored solar energy powers the motors and cleaning components without dependency on grid electricity. Experimental results demonstrate that the system can operate for approximately 31 minutes under full load (54.9 W) and recharge within 3.6 hours under peak sunlight conditions. The proposed system offers an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and energy-efficient solution for domestic and small-scale commercial cleaning applications.