The Effect of Post‐Processing in the Form of Ion Etching in Ar and O Applied to Metallic <scp>3D</scp> Prints Produced Using the <scp>DMP</scp> Method on Their Cleaning Efficiency and Biological Response

particles/mL), unbound powder particles induce an immune response already at an early stage. Electrochemical methods effectively remove unbound particles, but at the same time cause significant losses in the volume and mass of prints, which affects their strength. This study aimed to improve the quality of 3D-printed implants by cleaning their surfaces of unbound metal particles (post-processing). Comparing the results reported in the literature for various surface treatment methods (chemical, electrochemical, mechanical, plasma), plasma treatment was identified as the most promising solution. Oxygen and argon plasma cleaning was performed at different time periods (1, 2, and 4 h) on sandblasted substrates after production and without this treatment. The study aimed to verify the effectiveness of the plasma cleaning process in removing particles from metallic 3D-printed components and to assess the impact of surface treatments on biological response using an osteoblast cell model.