Backyard poultry farming in India: a pathway to rural development

Backyard poultry farming is an important traditional practice in rural India that contributes to household nutrition, food security and supplementary income. Although poultry production in India has increasingly shifted toward large-scale commercial systems, these operations are mainly concentrated around urban areas, resulting in unequal access to poultry products in rural and tribal regions. Since a large proportion of the rural population depends on carbohydrate-based diets, protein deficiency and malnutrition remain significant concerns. India’s poultry sector plays a significant role in the agricultural economy, with nearly 30 million farmers engaged in backyard poultry rearing. India ranks among the top global producers of eggs and poultry meat, yet per capita consumption remains relatively low. To improve output, research institutions such as the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and state agricultural universities have developed improved dual-purpose breeds like CARI Nirbheek, CARI Debendra, Giriraja and Vanaraja. These varieties combine higher egg and meat production with adaptability to rural free-range systems. Proper brooding, simple housing, supplemental feeding, and regular vaccination against diseases are essential for maintaining flock health and productivity. Overall, backyard poultry farming is a sustainable and low-investment enterprise that supports rural development, improves household nutrition, and strengthens economic opportunities for small farmers and women in rural communities.