Legionellosis: Global Epidemiology and Current Perspectives on Diagnosis and Treatment

serogroup 1. Molecular diagnostics, particularly PCR, offer high sensitivity and detect multiple serogroups, facilitating early diagnosis. Therapeutically, macrolides and fluoroquinolones constitute the mainstay of treatment, though evidence supporting combination therapy remains limited. Increasing reports of antimicrobial resistance underscore the need for strengthened antibiotic stewardship and global surveillance. Future efforts should prioritize large-scale epidemiological studies, diagnostic standardization, treatment optimization, and resistance monitoring to reduce disease burden.