Performance Benefits Without Added Injury Risk? Effects of Advanced Footwear Technology on Running Economy and Biomechanical Risk in Recreational Runners

, respectively, p < 0.001). The BL5 exhibited substantially higher VALR and VILR than both NV3 and NI3 (all p < 0.001) and NV3 exhibited significantly higher VALR values than NI3 (p = 0.006). Braking impulse was lowest in NI3, and no significant shoe condition effects were observed for contralateral pelvic drop or contact time. AFT shoes combining PEBA foam with a carbon-fiber plate improved running economy without increases in the biomechanical variables examined, which have been discussed in the literature in relation to running-related injuries. AFT shoes can enhance metabolic performance, while PEBA-only shoes may better suit sessions focused on cushioning and impact management.