The associations between prenatal exposure to organophosphate esters and children’s anogenital distance growth trajectory: A birth cohort study

, which were named as "fast growth" and "slow growth" groups, respectively. Modified Poisson regression models showed a general pattern that higher prenatal OPE exposure increased the probability of AGD being in the "slow growth" trajectory group in both sexes. Statistically or marginally significant associations were found for bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (BEHP), aryl-OPEs, and alkyl-OPEs in girls, and bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP) and tricresyl phosphate (DCP) in boys. Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression models showed similar results, with significant associations only found in girls, where alkyl-OPEs (especially BBOEP) were identified as major contributors. This study presents the first human evidence of the long-term effects of prenatal OPE exposure on the growth trajectory of AGD, with the magnitude of effects varying by OPE substituents.