Causal Effects of Diet on Atopic Dermatitis: A Mendelian Randomization Study Implicating Lipid Pathways and Clinical Implications

Background: Dietary fat quality and carbohydrate processing shape lipid and lipoprotein profiles involved in skin barrier integrity and cutaneous inflammation relevant to atopic dermatitis (AD). We assessed the causal relevance of dietary patterns and food items to AD and mapped lipid-lipoprotein mediators. Methods: > 10). Results: > 0.05), and findings were robust across sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: Dietary patterns high in unsaturated fats, particularly oil-based spreads, appear protective against AD, while refined-grain intake, especially brown bread and black bread, increases AD risk. These effects are mediated through lipid pathways involving sphingomyelins and VLDL metabolism, highlighting modifiable nutritional targets for AD prevention and adjunctive management.