Intravenous Sedation-Analgesia versus Local Anesthesia for Patient Comfort and Pain Control During Interventional Procedures: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Objective: To compare the effects of intravenous sedation‑analgesia (IVSA) versus local anesthesia (LA) on patient‑reported intraoperative comfort and pain control during elective interventional procedures. Methods: This single‑center retrospective cohort study included 1068 adults undergoing interventional procedures between January and March 2024. Patients self‑selected LA or IVSA (midazolam, sufentanil, ketorolac). Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to balance baseline characteristics. Primary outcomes were patient‑reported comfort and maximum pain scores (0-10 NRS). Operative time was also compared. After PSM, generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to compare outcomes. Sensitivity analyses included ordinal logistic regression and inverse probability weighting. Results: = 0.211). Sensitivity analyses yielded consistent results. Conclusion: IVSA was associated with significantly higher intraoperative patient comfort and lower pain scores compared to LA alone, without a significant difference in procedure time, though it was associated with a higher incidence of transient adverse effects.